The centre for tax analysis in developing countries

Does the digitization of transactions in an economy increase tax compliance? In this paper the authors study the effect of financial incentives on the adoption of electronic payment technology and on tax compliance by firms. Exploiting administrative data and policy variation from Uruguay, the papers shows that (i) consumer VAT rebates for credit and debit transactions trigger an immediate 50 percent increase in the number of card transactions, (ii) firms’ use of card machines increases only on the intensive margin, and (iii) tax compliance is unaffected. Endogenous card machine adoption and a low share of card sales in total reported sales can rationalize the findings.

Published on: 1st February 2025

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